Between 4 and 8.3 billion Number of adult oysters lost to the marketplace because of the Deepwater Horizon explosion and spill The damage ranged from wetlands and beaches all the way down to the organisms on the sea floor. It smothered corals in oil and chemicals, and disrupted the reproductive cycles of commercial and recreational fish -- including large fish like bluefin tuna. As many as 8.3 billion oysters were lost. Investigations continue into the public health effects on coastal residents and responders who investigated and cleaned up the mess. Largest settlement in history What resulted from this one incident was an economic, political, scientific and legal nightmare.

It was largely settled when a Federal District judge approved the in United States history – $20.8 billion – on April 4, 2016. The settlement ended all civil and criminal penalty claims against the owners and operators of the rig – BP, Anadarko, TransOcean and Halliburton – under the Clean Water Act and the Oil Pollution Act. It also included economic damage claims submitted by the five Gulf states and their local governments. 80 percent Amount of civil penalties collected from the Clean Water Act and dedicated by the federal RESTORE Act to the Gulf. • A “,” managed by the U.S. In January 2013, adding $300 million from criminal fines to funding dedicated to the restoration efforts in the Gulf region and to improve oil spill response training and prevention.

The fines from the criminal cases administered by the and the are used for two programs: • The National Academy of Sciences received $500 million to create the, a 30-year effort to benefit Gulf communities and ecosystems, and to tackle oil system safety, human health and environmental resources. • The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation’s received $2.544 billion for its. Half of that will be used to create or restore barrier islands off the coast of Louisiana, and to fund possible river diversion projects on the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers to preserve and restore coastal habitat. The remainder is apportioned among the other four Gulf states -- with Florida, Alabama and Mississippi receiving 28 percent each and Texas 16 percent -- to restore the Gulf Coast’s natural resources and eliminate or reduce the risk of future harm.

Under the final, BP will pay the trustees up to $8.8 billion, the largest recovery of damages ever for injuries to natural resources, to restore the Gulf. The settlement includes: • $1 billion already allocated during early restoration which began in 2011. Paperport 11 serial number crack keygen autocad 2014. • $7.1 billion for restoration stretching more than 15 years beginning in 2017. Up to an additional $700 million to respond to natural resource damages unknown at the time of the agreement, and for adaptive management. Because the effects of the Deepwater Horizon spill were so widespread, assessment teams are taking an ecosystem approach to restoring the Gulf ecosystem.

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Following a five-year evaluation of the damage, the Trustees issued a in 2016 to restore the Gulf and allocate funds from the settlement with BP. It set five goals: • Restore and conserve habitat - $4.7 billion • Restore water quality - $410 million • Replenish and protect coastal living resources - $1.8 billion • Provide and enhance recreational opportunities - $420 million • Monitoring, adaptive management and oversight - $1.5 billion In 2011, one year after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, BP agreed to provide up to $1 billion toward early restoration projects in the Gulf of Mexico. Since then, the Trustee Council has approved five early restoration plans, encompassing 65 projects at an estimated cost of $866 million. These projects allowed us to start restoring the Gulf before the formal damage assessment ended. Those funds are credited towards the possible final $8.8 billion total. Louisiana will receive more than half the funding, $5 billion, since it saw the most significant damage from the spill.

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